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كود CIBSE لتصميم الإضاءة (CIBSE Code)
C**TENTS PART *: FUNDAMENTALS Chapter *: Light *.* The nature of light *.2 The CIE st***ard observers *.3 The measurement of light — photometry *.3.* Luminous flux *.3.2 Luminous intensity *.3.3 Illuminance *.3.4 Luminance *.3.5 Reflectance *.3.6 Obsolete units *.3.7 Typical values *.4 The measurement of light — colourimetry *.4.* The CIE chromaticity diagrams *.4.2 The CIE colour spaces *.4.3 Correlated colour temperature *.4.4 CIE colour rendering index *.4.5 Colour gamut *.4.6 Scotopic/photopic ratio *.4.7 Colour order systems Chapter 2: Visi** 2.* The structure of the visual system 2.*.* The visual field 2.*.2 Eye movements 2.*.3 Optics of the eye 2.*.4 The structure of the retina 2.*.5 The functi**ing of the retina 2.*.6 The central visual pathways 2.*.7 Colour visi** 2.2 C**tinuous adjustments of the visual system 2.2.* Adaptati** 2.2.2 Photopic, scotopic *** mesopic visi** 2.2.3 Accommodati** 2.3 Capabilities of the visual system 2.3.* Threshold measures 2.3.2 Factors determining visual threshold 2.3.3 Spatial thresholds 2.3.4 Temporal thresholds 2.3.5 Colour thresholds 2.3.6 Light spectrum *** movement 2.4 Suprathreshold performance 2.5 Visual search 2.6 Visual discomfort 2.6.* Insufficient light 2.6.2 Illuminance uniformity 2.6.3 Glare 2.6.4 Veiling reflecti**s 2.6.5 Shadows 2.6.6 Flicker * * 3 3 3 4 4 4 6 6 7 7 *0 ** *2 *3 *4 *4 *6 *6 *6 *7 *9 22 23 23 24 24 25 26 26 26 28 28 30 3* 32 32 34 37 37 37 38 39 40 4* Final Lighting book artwork 08 25/3/09 *0:04 Page 5 vi 2.7 Percepti** through the visual system 2.7.* The c**stancies 2.7.2 Attributes *** modes of appearance 2.8 Anomolies of visi** 2.8.* Defective colour visi** 2.8.2 Low visi** PART 2: TECHNOLOGY Chapter 3: Light sources 3.* Producti** of radiati** 3.*.* Inc***escence 3.*.2 Electric discharges 3.*.3 Electroluminescence 3.*.4 Luminescence 3.*.5 Radioluminescence 3.*.6 Cathodoluminescence 3.*.7 Chemiluminescence 3.*.8 Thermoluminescence 3.2 Daylight 3.2.* Sunlight 3.2.2 Skylight 3.3 Electric light 3.3.* Inc***escent 3.3.2 Tungsten halogen 3.3.3 Fluorescent 3.3.4 High pressure mercury 3.3.5 Metal halide 3.3.6 Low pressure sodium 3.3.7 High pressure sodium 3.3.8 Inducti** 3.3.9 Light emitting diodes 3.3.*0 Electroluminescent 3.4 Electric light source characteristics 3.4.* Luminous flux 3.4.2 Power dem*** 3.4.3 Luminous efficacy 3.4.4 Lumen maintenance 3.4.5 Life 3.4.6 Colour properties 3.4.7 Run-up time 3.4.8 Restrike time 3.4.9 Other factors 3.4.*0 Summary of lamp characteristics 3.5 Flames 3.5.* C***le 3.5.2 Oil 3.5.3 Gas 4* 4* 42 44 44 45 48 48 49 5* 5* 5* 52 52 52 52 52 54 57 57 59 60 64 66 69 70 74 75 76 77 77 77 78 78 78 78 78 79 79 79 82 82 82 83 Final Lighting book artwork 08 25/3/09 *0:04 Page 6 vii Chapter 4: Luminaires 4.* Basic requirements 4.*.* Electrical 4.*.2 Mechanical 4.*.3 Optical c**trol 4.*.4 Efficiency 4.*.5 Thermal 4.*.6 Acoustics 4.*.7 Envir**mental 4.2 Luminaire types 4.2.* Interior lighting 4.2.2 Exterior lighting 4.3 Certificati** *** classificati** 4.3.* Certificati** 4.3.2 Classificati** Chapter 5: Electrics 5.* C**trol gear 5.*.* Ballasts for discharge light sources 5.*.2 Transformers for low voltage light sources 5.*.3 Drivers for LEDs 5.2 Lighting c**trols 5.2.* Opti**s for c**trol 5.2.2 Input devices 5.2.3 C**trol processes *** systems PART 3: APPLICATI**S Chapter 6: Lighting design 6.* Objectives *** c**straints 6.2 A holistic strategy for lighting 6.2.* Legal requirements 6.2.2 Visual functi** 6.2.3 Visual amenity 6.2.4 Lighting *** architectural integrati** 6.2.5 Energy efficiency *** sustainability 6.2.6 Maintenance 6.2.7 Lighting costs 6.2.8 Photopic or mesopic visi** 6.2.9 Light trespass *** skyglow 6.3 Basic design decisi**s 6.3.* Use of daylight 6.3.2 Choice of electric lighting system 6.3.3 Integrati** 6.3.4 Equal *** approved Chapter 7: Daylighting 7.* Benefits of daylight 7.2 Daylight availability 7.3 Daylight as a c**tributi** to room brightness 7.4 Daylight for task illuminati** 84 84 85 86 9* 9* 93 94 94 94 98 *00 *00 *05 *09 *09 **4 **4 **5 **5 **5 **6 **7 **7 **8 **8 **9 *20 *20 *2* *2* *2* *22 *24 *24 *24 *25 *28 *29 *3* *33 *33 Final Lighting book artwork 08 25/3/09 *0:04 Page 7 viii 7.5 Types of daylighting 7.5.* Windows 7.5.2 Clerestories 7.5.3 Rooflights 7.5.4 Atria 7.5.5 Remote distributi** 7.5.6 Borrowed light 7.6 Problems of daylighting 7.6.* Visual problems 7.6.2 Thermal problems 7.6.3 Privacy problems 7.7 Maintenance Chapter 8: Emergency lighting 8.* Legislati** *** st***ards 8.2 Forms of emergency lighting 8.2.* Escape route lighting 8.2.2 Signage 8.2.3 Open area lighting 8.2.4 High risk area 8.2.5 St***by lighting 8.3 Design approaches 8.4 Emergency lighting equipment 8.4.* Power sources 8.4.2 Circuits 8.4.3 Luminaires 8.4.4 Luminaire classificati** 8.4.5 Light sources 8.4.6 Others 8.5 Scheme planning 8.5.* Risk assessment 8.5.2 Recommended systems for specific places 8.5.3 Planning sequence 8.6 Installati**, testing *** maintenance 8.6.* Installati** 8.6.2 Maintenance *** inspecti** 8.6.3 Documentati** 8.6.4 Commissi**ing *** certificati** 8.6.5 Completi** certificate Chapter 9: Office lighting 9.* Functi**s of lighting in offices 9.2 Factors to be c**sidered 9.2.* Legislati** *** guidance 9.2.2 Type of work d**e 9.2.3 Screen type 9.2.4 Daylight availability 9.2.5 Ceiling height 9.2.6 Obstructi** 9.2.7 Surface finishes *33 *33 *35 *35 *36 *36 *37 *37 *37 *39 *39 *39 *40 *4* *4* *42 *42 *44 *44 *44 *45 *45 *46 *47 *48 *48 *49 *49 *49 *50 *53 *53 *53 *53 *54 *54 *55 *56 *56 *56 *57 *57 *58 *58 *59 *59 Final Lighting book artwork 08 25/3/09 *0:04 Page 8 ix 9.3 Lighting recommendati**s 9.3.* Illuminances 9.3.2 Light distributi** 9.3.3 Maximum luminances 9.3.4 Discomfort glare c**trol 9.3.5 Light source colour properties 9.4 Approaches to office lighting 9.4.* Direct lighting 9.4.2 Indirect lighting 9.4.3 Direct/indirect lighting 9.4.4 Localised lighting 9.4.5 Supplementary task lighting 9.4.6 Cove lighting 9.4.7 Luminous ceilings 9.4.8 Daylight Chapter *0: Industrial lighting *0.* Functi**s of lighting in industrial premises *0.2 Factors to be c**sidered *0.2.* Legislati** *** guidance *0.2.2 The envir**ment *0.2.3 Daylight availability *0.2.4 Need for good colour visi** *0.2.5 Obstructi** *0.2.6 Directi**s of view *0.2.7 Access *0.2.8 Rotating machinery *0.2.9 Safety *** emergency egress *0.3 Lighting recommendati**s *0.3.* C**trol rooms *0.3.2 Storage *0.3.3 Ancillary areas *0.3.4 Speculative factory units *0.4 Approaches to industrial lighting *0.4.* General lighting *0.4.2 Localised lighting *0.4.3 Local lighting *0.4.4 Visual inspecti** *0.4.5 Visual aids Chapter **: Lighting for educati**al premises **.* Functi**s of lighting for educati**al premises **.2 Factors to be c**sidered **.2.* Students’ capabilities **.2.2 Daylight or electric light **.2.3 Comm** lines of sight **.2.4 Flat or raked floor **.2.5 Presence of visual aids **.2.6 Surface finishes *62 *62 *64 *65 *66 *67 *68 *68 *69 *70 *70 *7* *7* *72 *72 *73 *73 *73 *74 *74 *75 *75 *76 *77 *77 *77 *77 *78 *80 *8* *82 *82 *82 *83 *83 *83 *84 *85 *85 *85 *86 *86 *86 *86 *86 Final Lighting book artwork 08 25/3/09 *0:04 Page 9 x **.3 Lighting recommendati**s **.3.* Illuminances **.3.2 Illuminance uniformity **.3.3 Glare c**trol **.3.4 Light source colour properties **.3.5 C**trol systems **.4 Approaches to lighting educati**al premises **.4.* Classrooms *** lecture halls **.4.2 IT room **.4.3 Arts studio **.4.4 Science laboratories **.4.5 Seminar room **.4.6 Library **.4.7 Assembly hall **.4.8 Music room **.4.9 Drama studio Chapter *2: Retail lighting *2.* Functi**s of retail lighting *2.2 Factors to be c**sidered *2.2.* Shop profile *2.2.2 Daylight or electric light *2.2.3 Nature of merch***ise *2.2.4 Obstructi** *2.3 Lighting recommendati**s *2.3.* Illuminances *2.3.2 Illuminance uniformity *2.3.3 Luminances *2.3.4 Light source colour properties *2.4 Approaches to retail lighting *2.4.* General lighting *2.4.2 Accent lighting *2.4.3 Display lighting Chapter *3: Lighting for museums *** art galleries *3.* Functi**s of lighting in museums *** art galleries *3.2 Factors to be c**sidered *3.2.* Daylight or electric light *3.2.2 C**servati** of exhibits *3.2.3 Light source colour rendering properties *3.2.4 Adaptati** *3.2.5 Balance *3.2.6 Shadows *** modelling *3.2.7 Glare *3.2.8 Veiling reflecti**s *** highlights *3.2.9 Out-of-hours activities *3.2.*0 Security *** emergency *3.2.** Maintenance *3.2.*2 Flexibility *3.3 Lighting approaches for museums *** art galleries *3.3.* Wall mounted displays *3.3.2 Three-dimensi**al displays *3.3.3 Showcase lighting *87 *87 *87 *87 *88 *88 *89 *89 *89 *89 *89 *90 *90 *90 *90 *90 *9* *9* *9* *92 *92 *92 *92 *92 *93 *93 *93 *94 *94 *94 *95 *98 *98 *98 *98 *99 *99 *99 200 200 200 200 20* 20* 20* 20* 20* 20* 202 Final Lighting book artwork 08 25/3/09 *0:04 Page *0 xi Chapter *4: Lighting for hospitals *4.* Functi**s of lighting in hospitals *4.2 Factors to be c**sidered *4.2.* Daylight *4.2.2 Lines of sight *4.2.3 Colour rendering requirements *4.2.4 Observati** without disturbance to sleep *4.2.5 Emergency lighting *4.2.6 Luminaire safety *4.2.7 Cleanliness *4.2.8 Electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) *4.3 Approaches for the lighting of different areas in hospitals *4.3.* Entrance halls, waiting areas *** lift halls *4.3.2 Recepti** *** enquiry desks *4.3.3 Hospital streets *** general corridors *4.3.4 Changing rooms, cubicles, toilets, bath, wash *** shower rooms *4.3.5 Wards *4.3.6 Reading lighting *4.3.7 Night lighting *4.3.8 Night observati** lighting (watch lighting) *4.3.9 Clinical areas *** operating departments *4.3.*0 Operating theatres Chapter *5: Quasi-domestic lighting *5.* Functi**s of quasi-domestic lighting *5.2 Factors to be c**sidered *5.2.* Occupants’ capabilities *5.2.2 Daylight *5.2.3 Light source colour properties *5.2.4 Energy efficiency *5.2.5 Safety *5.2.6 Security *5.3 Lighting recommendati**s *5.4 Approaches to lighting quasi-domestic buildings *5.4.* Entrances *5.4.2 Corridors *** stairs *5.4.3 Study bedrooms *5.4.4 Kitchens *** utility rooms *5.4.5 Lounges *5.4.6 Dining halls *5.4.7 Games room Chapter *6: Road lighting *6.* Road classificati** *6.2 Lighting for traffic routes *6.2.* Lighting recommendati**s for traffic routes *6.2.2 Lighting recommendati**s for areas adjacent to the carriageway *6.2.3 Lighting recommendati**s for c**flict areas *6.2.4 Coordinati** *6.2.5 Traffic route lighting design 203 203 203 203 203 204 204 204 205 205 205 206 206 207 207 207 2** 2** 2** 2*2 2*2 2*4 2*4 2*4 2*4 2*4 2*5 2*5 2*6 2*6 2*7 2*7 2*7 2*8 2*8 2*9 2*9 2*9 220 220 220 223 224 225 225 Final Lighting book artwork 08 25/3/09 *0:04 Page ** xii *6.3 Lighting for subsidiary roads *6.3.* Lighting recommendati**s for subsidiary roads *6.3.2 Lighting design for subsidiary roads *6.4 Lighting for urban centres *** public amenity areas *6.5 Tunnel lighting Chapter *7: Exterior workplace lighting *7.* Functi**s of lighting in exterior workplaces *7.2 Factors to be c**sidered *7.2.* Scale *7.2.2 Nature of work *7.2.3 Need for good colour visi** *7.2.4 Obstructi** *7.2.5 Interference with complementary activities *7.2.6 Hours of operati** *7.2.7 Impact ** the surrounding area *7.2.8 Atmospheric c**diti**s *7.3 Lighting recommendati**s *7.3.* Illuminance *** illuminance uniformity *7.3.2 Glare c**trol *7.3.3 Light source colour properties *7.3.4 Loading areas *7.3.5 Chemical *** fuel industries *7.3.6 Sidings, marshalling yards *** goods yards *7.4 Approaches to exterior workplace lighting *7.4.* High mast floodlighting *7.4.2 Integrated lighting *7.4.3 Localised lighting Chapter *8: Security lighting *8.* Functi**s of security lighting *8.2 Factors to be c**sidered *8.2.* Type of site *8.2.2 Site features *8.2.3 Ambient light levels *8.2.4 Crime risk *8.2.5 CCTV surveillance *8.2.6 Impact ** the surrounding area *8.3 Lighting recommendati**s *8.3.* Illuminance *** illuminance uniformity *8.3.2 Glare c**trol *8.3.3 Light source colour properties *8.4 Approaches to security lighting *8.4.* Secure areas *8.4.2 Public spaces *8.4.3 Private areas *8.4.4 Multi-occupancy dwellings *8.5 Lighting Equipment *8.5.* Light sources *8.5.2 Luminaires *8.5.3 Lighting columns *8.5.4 Lighting c**trols *8.5.5 Maintenance 230 230 232 232 233 236 236 236 236 237 237 237 237 238 238 238 238 239 239 239 240 24* 243 243 243 244 245 245 245 246 247 247 247 247 247 247 249 249 249 249 252 253 254 254 254 255 255 256 256 Final Lighting book artwork 08 25/3/09 *0:04 Page *2 xiii Chapter *9: Sports lighting *9.* Functi**s of lighting for sports *9.2 Factors to be c**sidered *9.2.* St***ard of play *** viewing distance *9.2.2 Playing area *9.2.3 Luminaires *9.2.4 Televisi** *9.2.5 Coping with power failures *9.2.6 Obtrusive light *9.3 Lighting recommendati**s *9.3.* Athletics *9.3.2 Bowls *9.3.3 Cricket *9.3.4 Five-a-side football (indoor) *9.3.5 Fitness training *9.3.6 Football (Associati**, Gaelic *** American) *9.3.7 Lawn tennis *9.3.8 Rugby (Uni** *** League) *9.3.9 Swimming *9.4 Lighting in large facilities *9.4.* Multi-use sports halls *9.4.2 Small sports stadia *9.4.3 Indoor arenas *9.4.4 Swimming pools Chapter 20: Lighting performance verificati** 20.* The need for performance verificati** 20.2 Relevant operating c**diti**s 20.3. Instrumentati** 20.3.* Illuminance meters 20.3.2 Luminance meters 20.4 Methods of measurement 20.4.* Average illuminance 20.4.2 Interior lighting 20.4.3 Exterior lighting 20.5 Measurement of illuminance variati** 20.5.* Illuminance diversity 20.5.2 Illuminance uniformity 20.6 Luminance measurements 20.7 Measurement of reflectance Chapter 2*: Lighting maintenance 2*.* The need for lighting maintenance 2*.2 Lamp replacement 2*.3 Cleaning luminaires 2*.4 Room surface cleaning 2*.5 Maintained illuminance 2*.6 Designing for lighting maintenance 2*.7 Determinati** of maintenance factor for interior lighting 2*.7.* Lamp lumen maintenance factor (LLMF) 2*.7.2 Lamp survival factor (LSF) 2*.7.3 Luminaire maintenance factor (LMF) 2*.7.4 Room surface maintenance factor (RSMF) 257 257 257 258 258 258 259 260 26* 26* 262 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 267 268 268 270 270 27* 27* 27* 272 272 272 274 275 275 276 276 276 278 278 278 280 280 280 280 28* 28* 282 284 Final Lighting book artwork 08 25/3/09 *0:04 Page *3 xiv 2*.8 Determinati** of maintenance factor for exterior lighting 2*.9 Disposal of lighting equipment Chapter 22: ** the horiz** 22.*. Changes *** challenges 22.2. The changes *** challenges facing lighting practice 22.2.* Costs 22.2.2 Technologies 22.2.3 New knowledge 22.2.4 External influences 22.3 The evoluti** of lighting practice Chapter 23: Bibliography 23.* St***ards 23.2 Guidance 23.3 References
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