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qjjiijiqjiij 03-05-2010 08:03 PM

Course Scada Very Important For Power Engineers
 
1 مرفق
[SIZE=4]Chapter **e


SCADA


Supervisory C**trol And Data Acquisiti**))















SCADA MEAN1

SCADA stands for Supervisory C**trol And Data Acquisiti**. As the name indicates, it is not a full c**trol system, but rather focuses ** the supervisory level. As such, it is a purely software package that is positi**ed ** top of hardware to which it is interfaced, in general via Programmable Logic C**trollers (PLCs), or other commercial hardware modules.
SCADA systems are used not **ly in industrial processes: e.g. steel making, power generati** (c**venti**al and nuclear) and distributi**, chemistry, but also in some experimental facilities such as nuclear fusi**. The size of such plants range from a few 1000 to several 10 thousands input/output (I/O) channels. However, SCADA systems evolve rapidly and are now penetrating the market of plants with a number of I/O channels of several 100 K: we know of two cases of near to 1 M I/O channels currently under development.
SCADA systems used to run ** DOS, VMS and UNIX; in recent years all SCADA vendors have moved to NT and some also to Linux.


(Figure 1)

2. Architecture
This secti** describes the comm** features of the SCADA products that have been evaluated at CERN in view of their possible applicati** to the c**trol systems of the LHC detectors [1], [2]

2.1 Hardware Architecture
**e distinguishes two basic layers in a SCADA system: the "client layer" which caters for the man machine interacti** and the "data server layer" which handles most of the process data c**trol activities. The data servers communicate with devices in the field through process c**trollers. Process c**trollers, e.g. PLCs, are c**nected to the data servers either directly or via networks or fieldbuses that are proprietary (e.g. Siemens H1), or n**-proprietary (e.g. Profibus). Data servers are c**nected to each other and to client stati**s via an Ethernet LAN. The data servers and client stati**s are NT platforms but for many products the client stati**s may also be W95 machines. Fig.1. shows typical hardware architecture

(Figure 2)


2.1.1 ELEMENTS OF SCADA
 The remote terminal unit (RTU).
 The master terminal unit (MTU).
 The communicati**s equipment
2.1.1.1 The remote terminal unit (RTU).
• (RTU) gather informati** from their remote site from various input devices.
• hold the informati** gathered in their memory and wait for a request from the MTU to transmit the data.
• Receive data and c**trol signal from (MTU) and transmit c**trol signal to the site devices.
• The old (RTU) was “all-in-**e” PCB was fixed I/O.
• (RTU) now are based ** PLC which able to program, extend I/O, or even stand al**e when the communicati** lost with (MTU).


2.1.1.2 The master terminal unit (MTU).
• The heart of the system is the master terminal unit (MTU).
• (MTU) make the communicati**, gathers data, stores informati**, sends informati** to other systems, and interfaces with operators.
• The primary interface to the operator is the m**itor and printers.





2.3. Communicati**s
Internal Communicati**
Server-client and server-server communicati** is in general ** a publish-subscribe and event-driven basis and uses a TCP/IP protocol, i.e., a client applicati** subscribes to a parameter which is owned by a particular server applicati** and **ly changes to that parameter are then communicated to the client applicati**.
Access to Devices
The data servers poll the c**trollers at a user defined polling rate. The polling rate may be different for different parameters. The c**trollers pass the requested parameters to the data servers. Time stamping of the process parameters is typically performed in the c**trollers and this time-stamp is taken over by the data server. If the c**troller and communicati** protocol used support unsolicited data transfer then the products will support this too.
A single data server can support multiple communicati**s protocols: it can generally support as many such protocols as it has slots for interface cards.

COMMUNICATI** OPTI**
 Wired systems.
 Wireless systems.
 Public transmissi** systems.

2.4 Interfacing
Applicati** Interfaces / Openness

1 Indirect Communicati**
OPC - OLE for Process C**trol

1.1 Functi**ality

• Introducti**

OPC (OLE for Process C**trol) refers to a standard, manufacturer-independent
Software interface. The OPC interface is based ** Microsoft Windows COM
(Comp**ent Object Model) and DCOM (Distributed Comp**ent Object Model)
technology. OPC XML, ** the other hand, is based ** the Internet standards XML,
SOAP and HTTP

• COM

COM is the standard protocol for communicati** between objects located ** the
Same computer but which are part of different programs. The server is the object
Providing services, such as making data available. The client is an applicati**
This uses the services provided by the server.

• DCOM

DCOM represents an expansi** of COM functi**ality to allow access to objects **
Remote computers.
This foundati** allows standardized data exchange between applicati**s from
Industry, administrative offices and manufacturing.
Up to that point, applicati**s which accessed process data were tied to the access
Protocols of the communicati** network. The standard software interface OPC
Allows devices and applicati**s from various manufacturers to be combined with
**e another in a uniform manner.
The OPC client is an applicati** which accesses process data, messages and
archives of an OPC server. Access takes place using the OPC software interface.
An OPC server is a program which provides the applicati**s from various
Manufacturers with a standard software interface. The OPC server is the
Intermediate layer between the applicati**s for handling process data, the various
Network protocols and the interfaces for accessing these data.
**ly devices with operating systems based ** Windows COM and DCOM
Technology can use the OPC software interface for data exchange. At the present
Time, Windows NT, Windows 98, Windows 2000 and Windows XP use this
Software interface.

• XML

Communicati** via DCOM is restricted to local networks. Data exchange via XML
operates with SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol). SOAP is a platform
Independent XML-based protocol. SOAP can be used to enable applicati**s to
communicate with each other Internet or heterogenic computer networks via HTTP
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol).

1.1 Direct Communicati** - Basics

• Introducti**

Communicati** is the exchange of data between two communicati** partners.

• Communicati**

A communicati** partner can be any element of a network that is able to
Communicate and exchange data with others. In the c**text of the WinCC
envir**ment, these communicati** partners could be central modules or
Communicati** modules in automati** systems (AS) or communicati** processors
in PCs.
The data transferred between the communicati** partners can serve entirely
different purposes. In the case of WinCC, these include:
• C**trolling a process
• Requesting data from a process
• Reporting unexpected states in a process
• Archiving process data


The PC products provide support for the Microsoft standards such as Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) which allows e.g. to visualize data dynamically in an EXCEL spreadsheet, Dynamic Link Library (DLL) and Object Linking and Embedding (OLE).
Database
The c**figurati** data are stored in a database that is logically centralized but physically distributed and that is generally of a proprietary format.
For performance reas**s, the RTDB resides in the memory of the servers and is also of proprietary format.
The archive and logging format is usually also proprietary for performance reas**s, but some products do support logging to a Relati**al Data Base Management System (RDBMS) at a slower rate either directly or via an ODBC interface.
2.5 Scalability
Scalability is understood as the possibility to extend the SCADA based c**trol system by adding **** process variables, **** specialized servers (e.g. for alarm handling) or **** clients. The products achieve scalability by having multiple data servers c**nected to multiple c**trollers. Each data server has its own c**figurati** database and RTDB and is resp**sible for the handling of a sub-set of the process variables (acquisiti**, alarm handling, archiving).



2.6 Redundancy
The products often have built in software redundancy at a server level, which is normally transparent to the user. Many of the products also provide **** complete redundancy soluti**s if required.

3. Functi**ality
3.1 Access C**trol
Users are allocated to groups, which have defined read/write access privileges to the process parameters in the system and often also to specific product functi**ality.
3.2 MMI
The products support multiple screens, which can c**tain combinati**s of synoptic diagrams and text.
They also support the c**cept of a "generic" graphical object with links to process variables. These objects can be "dragged and dropped" from a library and included into a synoptic diagram.
Most of the SCADA products that were evaluated decompose the process in "atomic" parameters (e.g. a power supply current, its maximum value, its **/off status, etc.) to which a Tag-name is associated. The Tag-names used to link graphical objects to devices can be edited as required. The products include a library of standard graphical symbols, many of which would however not be applicable to the type of applicati**s encountered in the experimental physics community.
Standard windows editing facilities are provided: zooming, re-sizing, scrolling... **-line c**figurati** and customizati** of the MMI is possible for users with the appropriate privileges. Links can be created between display pages to navigate from **e view to another.

3.3 Trending
The products all provide trending facilities and **e can summaries the comm** capabilities as follows:
• the parameters to be trended in a specific chart can be predefined or defined **-line
• a chart may c**tain **** than 8 trended parameters or pens and an unlimited number of charts can be displayed (restricted **ly by the readability)
• real-time and historical trending are possible, although generally not in the same chart
• historical trending is possible for any archived parameter
• zooming and scrolling functi**s are provided
• parameter values at the cursor positi** can be displayed
The trending feature is either provided as a separate module or as a graphical object (ActiveX), which can then be embedded into a synoptic display. XY and other statistical analysis plots are generally not provided.
3.4 Alarm Handling
Alarm handling is based ** limit and status checking and performed in the data servers. **** complicated expressi**s (using arithmetic or logical expressi**s) can be developed by creating derived parameters ** which status or limit checking is then performed. The alarms are logically handled centrally, i.e., the informati** **ly exists in **e place and all users see the same status (e.g., the acknowledgement), and multiple alarm priority levels (in general many **** than 3 such levels) are supported.
It is generally possible to group alarms and to handle these as an entity (typically filtering ** group or acknowledgement of all alarms in a group). Further****, it is possible to suppress alarms either individually or as a complete group. The filtering of alarms seen ** the alarm page or when viewing the alarm log is also possible at least ** priority, time and group. However, relati**ships between alarms cannot generally be defined in a straightforward manner. E-mails can be generated or predefined acti**s automatically executed in resp**se to alarm c**diti**s.
3.5 Logging/Archiving
The terms logging and archiving are often used to describe the same facility. However, logging can be thought of as medium-term storage of data ** disk, whereas archiving is l**g-term storage of data either ** disk or ** another permanent storage medium. Logging is typically performed ** a cyclic basis, i.e., **ce a certain file size, time period or number of points is reached the data is overwritten. Logging of data can be performed at a set frequency, or **ly initiated if the value changes or when a specific predefined event occurs. Logged data can be transferred to an archive **ce the log is full. The logged data is time-stamped and can be filtered when viewed by a user. The logging of user acti**s is in general performed together with either a user ID or stati** ID. There is often also a VCR facility to play back archived data.

• Automati** system (AS): saves the process values.
• Data manager (DM): processes the process values and returns them to the
archive system via process tags.
• Archive system: processes the acquired process values (e.g. forming the
average value). The method of processing depends ** the way the archive is
c**figured.
• Runtime database (DB): saves the process values that are to be archived.

3.6 Report Generati**
**e can produce reports using SQL type queries to the archive, RTDB or logs. Although it is sometimes possible to embed EXCEL charts in the report, a "cut and paste" capability is in general not provided. Facilities exist to be able to automatically generate, print and archive reports.



3.7 Automati**
The majority of the products allow acti**s to be automatically triggered by events. A scripting language provided by the SCADA products allows these acti**s to be defined. In general, **e can load a particular display, send an Email, run a user defined applicati** or script and write to the RTDB.
The c**cept of recipes is supported, whereby a particular system c**figurati** can be saved to a file and then re-loaded at a later date.
Sequencing is also supported whereby, as the name indicates, it is possible to execute a **** complex sequence of acti**s ** **e or **** devices. Sequences may also react to external events.
Some of the products do support an expert system but n**e has the c**cept of a Finite State Machine (FSM).

SCADA SYSTEM BENEFITS

 Reduced number of man-hours required to troubleshoot a pump or other electrical device that did not operate as designed.
 Automated report generati** is a major labor saving feature and facilitates.
 Reduced operating costs of a PLC-based SCADA translate to a superior return ** investment
(ROI) when compared to the typical proprietary system[/SIZE].
ارجو ان يكون تم الاستفادة من الشرح المبسط و ان وجد اقبال على الموضوع ان شاء الله سوف اشرح احد اشهربرامج الSCADA
مرفق الجزء الاول من الشرح

qjjiijiqjiij 03-05-2010 08:06 PM

1 مرفق
[B]يوجد العديد من البرامج لتطبيق الSCADA
من هذه البرامج [LEFT]WINCC FOR siemens
IFIX GENERAL PROGRAM
LOOK OUT GERNRAL PROGRAM
[RIGHT]هذه البرامج تمكنك من رسم النظام كامل وهو الMMI
وربطه بالنظام عن طريق (PLC'S OR ANY I/O DEVICE)
وبذلك يمكنك محاكات النظام والتعامل معه كما هو موضح بالنظرى
ومن احسن هذه البرامج هو ال WIN CC و مرفق شرح سهل لبداية الاستخدام(GET START)
و ان شاء الله سوف اضع شرح لباقى البرامج او سوف اتخصص فى برنامج واحد فقط على حسب طلب الاعضاء
[/RIGHT]
[/LEFT]
[/B]

الجراح85 03-06-2010 12:32 AM

ربي يوفقك <<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

essaessa 03-14-2010 01:13 PM

شكرا اخي الكريم

hosam_mubarak 03-17-2010 09:57 PM

بارك الله فيكم

شادي السروجي 03-18-2010 03:50 PM

شكر الله لك

hella_eng 03-21-2010 12:09 PM

:):):):):):)

memo 03-22-2010 01:17 PM

الله اكبر..................

عماره 04-04-2010 07:09 PM

الله عليك
حضرتك تخصصك كنترول
انا هتاج مساعدات كتير فى ifix
الانى شغال في مشروع التخرج بيه
ياريت لو عندك شرح ليه ترفقه

ابو هدى 04-07-2010 10:13 PM

نشكرك ونتمى لك الموفقية


الساعة الآن »11:30 AM.

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